Lessons Learned from Teaching Teachers how to Teach about World Religions
Keywords:
World Religions; Teacher Education; Field Experiences; Elementary EducationAbstract
This quasi-experimental comparative case study compared 22
elementary pre-service teachers' (PSTs') 7th-grade lessons on world religions
to the lessons developed and taught by a cohort of 26 PSTs. The PSTs from
Cohort 1 received no instruction or course readings related to teaching
about world religions; whereas, the PSTs from Cohort 2 were assigned six
articles to read and spent one hour of in-class time learning about teaching
world religions. Lesson plans, teaching observations, focus group
interviews, and reflection journals served as data sources, which were coded
for core themes. Classical content analysis was used to tabulate incidents of
PST behaviors related to the core themes. PSTs from Cohort 1 exhibited
greater lack of knowledge and awareness of world religious, used biased
language, lacked solemnity and sensitivity, made more assumptions and
generalizations, and even exhibited outright promotion of Christianity. This
study suggests that elementary social studies teacher educators, by
spending only an hour of methods class time on the topic, can help their
PSTs to avoid common missteps in their teaching about world religions.
References
Adler, S. (1991). The education of social studies teachers. In J. Shaver (Ed .), Handbook of research on social studies teaching and learning (pp . 210-221) . New York: Macmillan.
Anderson, R. (2004). Religion and spirituality in the public school curriculum. New York: Peter Lang Publishing.
Au, W. (2009). Social studies, social justice: W(h)ither the social studies in high-stakes testing? Teacher Education Quarterly, 36(1), 43-58.
Auerbarch, C. F., & Silverstein, L. B. (2003). Qualitative data: An introduction to coding and analysis. New York: New York University Press.
Ayers, S., & Reid, S. (2005). Teaching about religion in elementary school: The experience of one Texas district. The Social Studies, 96(1), 14-17. DOI:10.3200/TSSS.96.1.14-17
Black, S. (2003). Teaching about religion: Where schools sometimes go wrong is ignoring that little word 'about'. American school board journal, 8(1), retrieved from http://paws.wcu.edu/churley/8_1_black.pdf
Boyle-Baise, M., Hsu, M., Johnnson, S., Sierrere, S. C., & Stewart, D. (2008). Putting reading first: Teaching social studies in elementary classrooms. Theory and Research in Social Education, 36(3), 233-255.
Burroughs, S., Groce, E., & Webeck, M. L. (2005). Social studies education in the age of testing and accountability. Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice, 24(3), 13-20. Center on Education Policy. (2008). Instructional time in elementary schools: A closer look at changes for specific subjects. Washington, DC: Center on Education Policy (CEP), 1-8.
Center on Educational Policy. (2007). Choices, changes, challenges: Curriculum and instruction in the NCLB era. Washington, DC: Center on Educational Policy.
Creswell, J. W. (2012). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches. SAGE Publications, Incorporated.
Douglass, S. L. (2000). Teaching about Religion in National and State Social Studies Standards. Executive Summary.
Douglass, S. L. (2001). Building a comfort zone: Teacher training and standards-based education about religion. Religion and Education, 28(1), 40-57.
Ennis, C. D. (1994). Knowledge and beliefs underlying curricular expertise. Quest, 46(2), 164-175.
Evans, C. (2008). Religious education in public schools: An international human rights perspective. Human Rights Law Review, 8(3), 449-473.
Evans, M. P. (2007). Learning to Teach about Religion in Public Schools: Perspectives and Experiences of Student Teachers in the Program for Religion and Secondary Education at Harvard Divinity School. Religion and Education, 34(3), 19-47.
Fitchett, P. G., & Heafner, T. L. (2010). A National Perspective on the Effects of High-Stakes Testing and Standardization on Elementary Social Studies Marginalization. Theory & Research in Social Education, 38(1), 114-130.
Glanzer, P. (1998). Religion in public schools: In search of fairness. Phi Delta Kappan, 80(3), 219-22.
Good, A. J., Heafner, T. L., O'Connor, K., Passe, J., Rock, T. C., Byrd, S. P., et al. (2010). The de-emphasis on social studies in elementary schools: Teacher candidate perspective. Current Issues in Education, 13(4), 1-22.
Graves, E. P., Hynes, J. W., & Hughes, T. A. (2010). Teacher perception of the role of religion in East Texas Public Schools. National Forum of Educational Administration and Supervision Journal, 27(4), 1-19.
Grossman, P. L., Wilson, S. M., & Shulman, L. S. (1989). Teachers of substance: Subject matter knowledge for teaching. In M. Reynolds (Ed.), The knowledge base for beginning teachers (pp. 23-36). New York: Pergamon.
Gudmundsdottir, S., & Shulman, L. (1987). Pedagogical content knowledge in social studies. Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research, 31(2), 59-70.
Haynes, C., & Thomas, O. Finding common ground: A guide to religious liberty in public schools. Nashville, TN: The First Amendment Center, 2001. http://www.freedomforum.org/publications/first/findingcommonground/FCG-complete.pdf.
Heafner, T. L., Lipscomb, G. B., & Rock, T. C. (2006). To test or not to test? The role of testing in elementary social studies, A collaborative study conducted by NCPSSE and SCPSSE. Social Studies Research and Practice, 1(2), 145-164.
Leming, J. S., Ellington, L., & Schug, M. (2006a). Social Studies in Our Nation's Elementary and Middle Schools. Hartford, CT: The Center of Survey Research and Analysis.
Leming, J. S., Ellington, L., & Schug, M. (2006b). The state of social studies: A national random survey of elementary and middle social studies teachers. Social Education, 70(5), 322-327.
Lintner, T. (2006). Social studies (still) on the backburner: Perceptions and practices of K-5 social studies instruction. Journal of Social Studies Research, 30(1), 3-8.
Marty, M. E., & Moore, J. (2000). Education, religion, and the common good: Advancing a distinctly American conversation about religion's role in our shared life. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Merriam, S. B. (2009). Qualitative research: A guide to design and implementation. Jossey-Bass.
Moore, D. L. (2010). Guidelines for teaching about religion in k-12 public schools in the United States. American Academy of Religion, Retrieved from http://www.aarweb.org/publications/Online_Publications/Curriculum_Guidelines/AARK-12CurriculumGuidelines.pdf
Moustakas, C. (1994). Phenomenological research methods. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
National Council for the Social Studies (2009). Powerful and purposeful teaching and learning in elementary social studies. Social Education, 73(5), 252-254.
Nord, W. A. (1990). Teaching about religion in the public schools: A model for teacher education programs. Religion & Public Education, 17(2), 223-227.
Nord, W. A., & Haynes, C. C. (1998). Taking religion seriously across the curriculum. Association for Supervision & Curriculum Development.
Norton, J. (2001) Teaching About Religion in the World History Classroom. Religion and the Public Schools, 85-94.
Oldendorf, S. B., & Green, C. R. (2005). Listening to Teacher Voices: Religion in Schools in the Rural South. Religion and Education, 32(2), 65-84.
Passe, J., & Willox, L. (2009). Teaching religion in America’s public schools: A necessary disruption. The Social Studies, 100(3), 102-106.
Prothero, S. (2007). Religious literacy: What every American needs to know – and doesn’t. San Francisco: Harper Press.
Ribakâ€Rosenthal, N., & Kane, C. M. (1999). Minority religious practices: The need for awareness and knowledge. Counseling and Values, 43(2), 142-152
Risinger, C. F. (1993). Religion in the social studies curriculum. ERIC Clearinghouse. ED 363553.
Rock, T., Heafner, T., O’Connor, K., Passe, J., Oldendorf, S., Good, A., & Byrd, S. (2006). One state closer to a national crisis: A report on elementary social studies in North Carolina schools. Theory and Research in Social Education, 34(4), 455-483.
Rogers, M. (2011). Teaching About Religion in Public Schools: Where Do We Go From Here?. Religion & Education, 38(1), 38-47.
Saldaña, J. (2009). The coding manual for qualitative researchers. London: Sage.
Schaeffer, J. E., & Mincberg, E. M. (2000). The good book taught wrong: ‘Bible History ‘classes in Florida’s public schools. People for the American Way Foundation.
Subedi, B. (2006). Preservice teachers' beliefs and practices: Religion and religious diversity. Equity & Excellence in Education, 39(3), 227-238.
Tienda, M. (2013). Diversity≠Inclusion Promoting Integration in Higher Education. Educational Researcher, 42(9), 467-475.
Waggoner, M. D. (Ed.). (2013). Religion in the Public Schools. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.
Wexler, J. D. (2002). Preparing for the Clothed Public Square: Teaching About Religion, Civic Education, and the Constitution. William & Mary Law. Review, 43, 1159-1166.
Wills, J. S. (2007). Putting the squeeze on the social studies: Managing teaching dilemmas in subject areas excluded from state testing. Teachers College Record, 109(8), 1980-2046.
Wright, E. A. (1999). Religion in American Education: A Historical View. Phi Delta Kappan, 81(1), 17-20.
Zam, G. A., & Stone, G. E. (2006). Social studies teacher educators: A survey of attitudes toward religion in the curriculum. Religion and Education, 33(1), 90-105.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2015 Derek Anderson, Holly Mathys, Joe Lubig

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
All articles published by IJLTER are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No-Derivatives 4.0 International License (CCBY-NC-ND4.0).