The Mediating Role of Higher Education Pillars in the Effect of Digital Transformation on Lecturer Performance
Keywords:
Digital Transformation; Higher Education Pillars; Lecturer Performance; Higher Education Institutions; IndonesiaAbstract
This study examines the impact of digital transformation on lecturer performance in higher education institutions (HEIs), with a specific focus on the mediating role of the three fundamental higher education pillars: teaching, research, and community service. It aims to assess how the integration of digital technologies enhances academic productivity and institutional effectiveness while identifying potential challenges in the adoption process. A quantitative research design was employed, utilizing survey data collected from 355 lecturers at private universities in Indonesia. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was applied to analyze the relationships between digital transformation, the higher education (HE) pillars, and lecturer performance. The results indicate that digital transformation positively influences lecturer performance, primarily through its impact on teaching quality, research output, and community engagement. The higher education pillars serve as a significant mediator, reinforcing the indirect effects of digitalization on academic performance. However, challenges such as digital literacy gaps, adaptation difficulties, and technological barriers hinder the full realization of digital transformation’s benefits.
https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.24.8.16
References
Abad-Segura, E., González-Zamar, M. D., Luque-de la Rosa, A., & Cevallos, M. B. M. (2020). Sustainability of educational technologies: An approach to augmented reality research. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(10). https://doi.org/10.3390/su12104091
Allouche, E. (2024). Digital Transformation of Education, Systems Approach and Applied Research. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2406.11861
Altikriti, S., & Anderson, C. (2020). Factor Analysis and Structural Equation Modeling.
Andriani, D., Purwana, D., & Susita, D. (2020). Analysis Of Factors That Effect Lecturer Productivity Producing International Scientific Article in Private University: Motivation as A Moderating Variable. IJHCM (International Journal of Human Capital Management), 4(1). https://doi.org/10.21009/ijhcm.04.01.08
Arifin, S., & Sukmawidjaya, M. (2020). Technology Transformation and Its Impact on Lecturer’s Performance. JPI (Jurnal Pendidikan Indonesia), 9(1), 153. https://doi.org/10.23887/jpi-undiksha.v9i1.24372
Asbari, M., Santoso, B., & Purwanto, A. (2019). Pengaruh Kepemimpinan dan Budaya Organisasi terhadap Perilaku Kerja Inovatif pada Industri 4.0. In JIM UPB (Vol. 8, Issue 1). http://ejournal.upbatam.ac.id/index.php/jim
Bond, M., Marín, V. I., Dolch, C., Bedenlier, S., & Zawacki-Richter, O. (2018). Digital transformation in German higher education: student and teacher perceptions and usage of digital media. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-018-0130-1
Budenberg, R. (2024, December 8). We Need to Unleash the Catalytic Power of Universities. The Times. https://www.thetimes.com/business-money/companies/article/we-need-to-unleash-the-catalytic-power-of-universities-lsjwmqzbn?region=global
Byrne, B. M. (2016). Structural Equation Modeling with AMOS: Basic Concepts, Aplications, and Programming. Routledge Taylor & Francis Group.
Cabero-Almenara, J., Guillén-Gámez, F. D., Ruiz-Palmero, J., & Palacios-Rodríguez, A. (2021). Digital competence of higher education professor according to DigCompEdu. Statistical research methods with ANOVA between fields of knowledge in different age ranges. Education and Information Technologies, 26(4), 4691–4708. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-021-10476-5
Chauca, M., Phun, Y., Curro, O., Chauca, C., Yallico, R., & Quispe, V. (2021). Disruptive innovation in active activity-based learning methodologies through digital transformation. International Journal of Information and Education Technology, 11(4), 200–204. https://doi.org/10.18178/ijiet.2021.11.4.1512
Deja, M., Rak, D., & Bell, B. (2021). Digital transformation readiness: perspectives on academia and library outcomes in information literacy. Journal of Academic Librarianship, 47(5). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acalib.2021.102403
Dumiyati, & Yusuf, M. (2021). Survey Research on Lecturer Performance Profiles During Pandemic Covid-19. Journal of Educational Research and Evaluation, 5(2), 123–130. https://pssh.umsida.ac.id.
Garcez, A., Silva, R., & Franco, M. (2022). Digital transformation shaping structural pillars for academic entrepreneurship: A framework proposal and research agenda. Education and Information Technologies, 27(1), 1159–1182. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-021-10638-5
Gómez?hurtado, I., Valdés, R., González?falcón, I., & Vargas, F. J. (2021). Inclusive leadership: Good managerial practices to address cultural diversity in schools. Social Inclusion, 9(4), 69–80. https://doi.org/10.17645/si.v9i4.4611
Hair Jr., J. F., Anderson, R. E., Babin, B. J., & Black, W. C. (2019). Multivariate Data Analysis, Multivariate Data Analysis. In Book (Vol. 87, Issue 4).
Harahap, H., Andriani, D., ES, D., & Susita, D. (2020). Key Factors Affecting Lecturer Productivity To Conduct Research. International Journal of Scientific Research and Management, 8, 433–454. https://doi.org/10.18535/ijsrm/v8i07.sh01
Hidayat, S., Bina, U., Affandi, B. N., & Hidayat, D. R. (2023). Higher Education Governance and Lecturer Performance: The Role of Leadership, Commitment, and Culture. In Journal of Higher Education Theory and Practice (Vol. 23, Issue 6). https://doi.org/10.33423/jhetp.v23i6.5966
Hinings, B., Gegenhuber, T., & Greenwood, R. (2018). Digital innovation and transformation: An institutional perspective. Information and Organization, 28(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infoandorg.2018.02.004
Johansson, T. (2018). Testing for control system interdependence with structural equation modeling: Conceptual developments and evidence on the levers of control framework. Journal of Accounting Literature, 41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acclit.2018.02.002
Kääriäinen, J., Kuusisto, O., Pussinen, P., Saarela, M., Saari, L., & Hänninen, K. (2020). Applying the positioning phase of the digital transformation model in practice for smes: Toward systematic development of digitalization. International Journal of Information Systems and Project Management, 8(4). https://doi.org/10.12821/ijispm080402
Khaeroni, K., Syarifudin, E., Uin, I., Tarihoran, N., & Firdaos, R. (2023, November 30). A Systematic Literature Review on Lecturer Performance and the Influence Factors. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/377633405_A_Systematic_Literature_Review_on_Lecturer_Performance_and_the_Influence_Factors
Loonam, J., Eaves, S., Kumar, V., & Parry, G. (2018). Towards digital transformation: Lessons learned from traditional organizations. Strategic Change, 27(2). https://doi.org/10.1002/jsc.2185
Lubis, R., Dewi, R., & Restu, R. (2022). Factors related to the achievements of the three pillars of higher education practice. Cypriot Journal of Educational Sciences, 17(12). https://doi.org/10.18844/cjes.v17i12.7840
Manurung, N., Rivai Zainal, V., & Hakim, A. (2023). The Role of Leadership in Forming Organizational Culture Within the Directorate General of Teachers and Educational Personnel Ministry of Education, Culture, Research and Technology. Journal of Economics and Business UBS, 12(5). https://doi.org/10.52644/joeb.v12i5.672
Martin, F., & Xie, K. (2022). Digital Transformation in Higher Education: 7 Areas for Enhancing Digital Learning. Educause Review. https://er.educause.edu/articles/2022/9/digital-transformation-in-higher-education-7-areas-for-enhancing-digital-learning
Morgan, M. (2024). Overcoming Digital Transformation Challenges in Higher Ed. Pantheon. https://pantheon.io/blog/digital-transformation-in-higher-education
Muhajirin, A., Rahman Irsyadi, A., Rizal, F., & Sumaryono. (2023). Optimalisasi Teknologi Informasi, Budaya Organisasi dan Kompetensi dalam Meningkatkan Kinerja Dosen (Tinjauan Pustaka). Jurnal Ekonomi Manajemen Sistem Informasi, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.31933/jemsi.v5i1.1620
Nelly, N., Prabowo, H., Bandur, A., & Elidjen, E. (2024). The mediating role of competency in the effect of transformational leadership on lecturer performance. International Journal of Educational Management, 38(2), 333–354. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEM-06-2023-0275
Nua, F. (2022). 692 Perguruan Tinggi Swasta di Indonesia Lakukan Merger. Media Indonesia. https://mediaindonesia.com/humaniora/494315/692-perguruan-tinggi-swasta-di-indonesia-lakukan-merger#google_vignette
Nyoto, N. (2021). Eksplorasi Kinerja Dosen Melalu Tri Dharma Perguruan Tinggi. Procuratio : Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen, 9(4). https://doi.org/10.35145/procuratio.v9i4.1792
Paños-Castro, J., Korres, O., Iriondo, I., & Petchamé, J. (2024). Digital Transformation and Teaching Innovation in Higher Education: A Case Study. Education Sciences, 14(8). https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci14080820
Prabowo, H., & Bandur, A. (2022). Digital transformation in higher education: Global trends and future research direction. Journal of Innovation in Business and Economics, 5(02). https://doi.org/10.22219/jibe.v5i02.21218
Purba, J. T. (2015). Building Higher Education Institution Capacity in Indonesia through Strategic Faculty Development. Journal of Asian Scientific Research, 5(6), 291–302. https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.2/2015.5.6/2.6.291.302
Purwanto, A., Tampil Purba, J., Bernarto, I., & Sijabat, R. (2021). EFFECT OF TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP, JOB SATISFACTION, AND ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENTS ON ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR. https://ejournal.polbeng.ac.id/index.php/IBP/article/view/1801
Puspita, A., Setyaningsih, S., & Herfina. (2024). Increasing Teachers’ Work Productivity through Strengthening Knowledge Management, Empowerment, Self efficacy, Work Discipline, and Achievement Motivation. Seybold Publications. https://seyboldpublications.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Puspita.pdf
Rafiq, S., Iqbal, S., & Afzal, D. (2024). The Impact of Digital Tools and Online Learning Platforms on Higher Education Learning Outcomes.
Rajagukguk, S. A. (2023). The Mediating Role of Reputation Management Capability and IT Maturity Level Moderation Effect on Achieving Private University Sustainable Competitive Advantage in Indonesia [Doctoral Dissertation]. BINUS University.
Reis, J., Amorim, M., Melão, N., & Matos, P. (2018). Digital transformation: A literature review and guidelines for future research. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 745. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77703-0_41
Retnowati, T. H., Mardapi, D., Kartowagiran, B., & Hamdi, S. (2021). A Model of Lecturer Performance Evaluation: Sustainable Lecturer Performance Mapping. International Journal of Instruction, 14(2). https://doi.org/10.29333/iji.2021.1426a
Rodríguez-Abitia, G., & Bribiesca-Correa, G. (2021). Assessing digital transformation in universities. Future Internet, 13(2), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.3390/fi13020052
Rof, A., Bikfalvi, A., & Marquès, P. (2020). Digital transformation for business model innovation in higher education: Overcoming the tensions. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(12). https://doi.org/10.3390/su12124980
Rueckel, D., Muehlburger, M., & Koch, S. (2020). An Updated Framework of Factors Enabling Digital Transformation. Pacific Asia Journal of the Association for Information Systems, 12(4). https://doi.org/10.17705/1pais.12401
Samosir, L. (2020). An Analysis on the Lecturer Performance Evaluation by Students. https://doi.org/10.4108/eai.11-12-2019.2302088
Santoso, P. B., Asbari, M., Purwanto, A., Mayesti Wijayanti, L., Chi Hyun, C., Maesaroh, S., Fayzhall, M., Chidir, G., Mustofa, Hutagalung, D., & Yani, A. (2020). Working while studying at university in the self-management perspective: An ethnographic study on java ethnic employees. International Journal of Control and Automation, 13(2).
Saragih, R., Prasetio, A. P., & Luturlean, B. S. (2020). Examining the Mediation of Job Satisfaction in the Relationship between Work Stress and Turnover Intention in Textile Company. GATR Journal of Management and Marketing Review, 5(2). https://doi.org/10.35609/jmmr.2020.5.2(4)
Sartima, T. (2021). Professionalism of Lecturers Employed in Private Universities in Implementing the Three Pillars of Higher Education in Indonesia. International Journal of Learning in Higher Education, 28(2). https://doi.org/10.18848/2327-7955/CGP/V28I02/1-14
Sugandini, D., Istanto, Y., Garaika, G., Arundati, R., & Purnama, R. F. (2021). Technology Adoption Model on Higher Education Learning Environments. Journal of International Conference Proceedings, 4(3). https://doi.org/10.32535/jicp.v4i3.1391
Surucu, L., Ma?lakci, A., & ?e?en, H. (2021). The influence of transformational leadership on employees’ innovative behaviour in the hospitality industry: The mediating role of leader member exchange. Tourism, 69(1), 19–31. https://doi.org/10.37741/T.69.1.2
Suryaman. (2018). Indonesian private university lecturer performance improvement model to improve a sustainable organization performance. International Journal of Higher Education, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.5430/ijhe.v7n1p59
Tannady, H., & Zami, A. (2020). How to Improve Performance of Lecturer: A Case Study of School of Health Sciences in Capital City of Indonesia. https://doi.org/10.4108/eai.30-11-2020.2303688
Reporter, G. S. (2024). The New Adelaide University: An Equaliser of Opportunity and a Catalyst for Change. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/adelaide-university-opening-2026/2024/nov/11/the-new-adelaide-university-an-equaliser-of-opportunity-and-a-catalyst-for-change
Tømte, C. E., Laterza, V., Pinheiro, R. M., & Avramovic, A. (2020). Is there a Scandinavian model for MOOCs? Nordic Journal of Digital Literacy, 15(4). https://doi.org/10.18261/ISSN.1891-943X-2020-04-02
Tripathi, S., & Urkude, S. (2022). Assessing Performance Impact of Digital Transformation for Instructors in the Covid-19 Era. Journal of International Technology and Information Management, 31(3). https://doi.org/10.58729/1941-6679.1542
UNESCO. (2024). Unleashing innovation: Embracing digital transformation in education in Indonesia. UNESCO. https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/unleashing-innovation-embracing-digital-transformation-education-indonesia
Vhalery, R., Setyastanto, A. M., & Leksono, A. W. (2022). KURIKULUM MERDEKA BELAJAR KAMPUS MERDEKA: SEBUAH KAJIAN LITERATUR. Research and Development Journal of Education, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.30998/rdje.v8i1.11718
Wade, M., & Shan, J. (2020). Covid-19 has accelerated digital transformation but may have made it harder not easier. MIS Quarterly Executive, 19(3). https://doi.org/10.17705/2msqe.00034
Whittaker, T. A., & Schumacker, R. E. (2022). A Beginner’s Guide to Structural Equation Modeling, Fifth Edition. In A Beginner’s Guide to Structural Equation Modeling, Fifth Edition. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003044017
Yu, J., Huang, C., He, T., Wang, X., & Zhang, L. (2022). Investigating students’ emotional self-efficacy profiles and their relations to self-regulation, motivation, and academic performance in online learning contexts: A person-centered approach. Education and Information Technologies, 27(8). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-022-11099-0
Zhu, J., & Jin, Y. (2023). How flexible leadership ability affects manufacturing enterprises’ digital transformation willingness: The role of innovation commitment and environmental dynamics. PLoS ONE, 18(11 NOVEMBER). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0288047
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Petrus Paulus Ferdinand Titirloloby, John Tampil Purba, Dylmoon Hidayat, Hendra Achmadi

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
All articles published by IJLTER are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No-Derivatives 4.0 International License (CCBY-NC-ND4.0).